Assignment to Critique an Academic Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Assignment to Critique an Academic Paper - Essay Example The article’s argument that entrepreneurs should have, â€Å"the will to conquer: the impulse to fight, to prove oneself superior to others, to succeed for the sake, not of the fruits of success, but of success itself† exaggerates the true nature of a successful entrepreneur (33). This is because the environment and the goals that an entrepreneur has set determine the level of the will applied and the willingness to fight. Wedgwood plays his role as an entrepreneur through application of the skills of hard work, focus, obsessive, demanding and intellectually curious (7). He had a vision of pioneering innovations that would enhance the status of entrepreneurship. Commencing the entrepreneurship skills at 11 shows Wedgwood’s potential of becoming a great entrepreneur in future. He overcame many challenges that threatened his quest to enhance his entrepreneurship prowess. This implies that the urge to become a successful entrepreneur should not be limited by any for m of challenges including disabilities. This is because entrepreneurial innovations can never be successful unless they overcome life challenges. Possession of a weakened knee due to small pox he suffered during his early childhood implied that Wedgwood could not turn a Potter’s wheel (8). In fact, he had to watch as his knee was amputated without the help of anaesthetics after it hampered his ability to apply and harness his entrepreneurial skills. The courage to have even his own body organ eliminated due to its negative impact on his life passion implies that he has the ability to overcome any challenges in the enhancement of his entrepreneurial skills. However, this could be unsustainable if the challenges being eliminated are ethical and beneficial to other people. Entrepreneurship is a passion that is not limited by time constraints. Entrepreneurs should apply their skills and expertise at a tender age. Although the article represents the rhetoric of a successful entrep reneur, it is crucial to point out that successful entrepreneurs do not always wait to attain a certain age period for them to venture into business i.e. 24 years in Wedgwood’s case (7). The fact that he started being a potter at the age of 11 implies that Wedgwood should have commenced his quest for attainment of his life dream at a younger age. Being a successful entrepreneur does not require sufficient flow of financial resources for commencement. The article stipulates that Wedgewood’s father allocated meagre financial resources in his will but he managed to beat all odds and became a successful entrepreneur. However, this does not imply that resources are not necessary for laying the perfect foundation for the establishment of a successful career and entrepreneurial skills. Availability of resources enables an entrepreneur to acquire the necessary equipment required in enhancing new ideas. It is also imperative for entrepreneurs to collude with other like-minded i nnovators to enhance their entrepreneurship skills. For instance, the article points out that Wedgwood formed a partnership with Thomas Whieldon, an eminent Potter. This enabled him to gain access to experienced potters that provided him with the competent skills in their respective fields. However, one should be careful of the type of people that they partner with because some

Cardiovascular Disease Information Essay Example for Free

Cardiovascular Disease Information Essay Cardiovascular disease is the number one cause of death in over half of the people in this country. It affects all aspects of the heart function, from the arteries that supply the blood to the valves to the heart muscle itself. Heart and blood vessel disease- cardiovascular disease – includes numerous problems, many of which are related to a process called atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is a condition that develops when a substance called plaque build up I the walls of the arteries. This buildup narrows the arteries, making it harder for blood to flow through. If a blood lot forms, it can stop the blood flow. This can cause a heart attack or stroke. Some of the symptoms associated with cardiovascular disease are chest pains, sudden numbness of arms or face, strokes or congestive heart failure. Cardiovascular disease can be managed by following a lean strict diet, keeping your cholesterol down, not smoking, maintaining your blood pressure and exercising regularly. It is said that if you exercise for about 30 minutes a day every day, that will keep you healthy and your heart pumping. Congestive Heart Failure refers to a poorly pumping heart that causes a fluid back up in the heart, lungs and other organs. The symptoms are shortness of breath, swelling in the body and debilitating fatigue. It is said that congestive heart failure is the most common cardiac condition among the elderly. Heart failure can start from an unnoticeable condition, which can progress to a debilitating disease. The way to check to see if you have a heart problem is by having an Echocardiogram which monitors your heart and makes sure everything is functioning properly. This disease can also be controlled by maintaining a healthy diet, not smoking, controlling your weight, and following a good exercise regimen. Maintaining your weight is also an important factor.

America’s Prescription Drug Plan Essay -- Essays Papers Health Medicin

America’s Prescription Drug Plan Graphs Not Available For the past couple of years there has been a bitter battle between Canada and the United States over the importation of prescription drugs. Unfortunately due to amount of uninsured Americans who cannot afford these drugs in the United States, they must travel across the border and buy them in Canada. Currently the United States has made it illegal for anyone but the manufacturer or a selected representative to import prescription drugs into the United States. However the increasing difference in price between prescriptions in Canada and the United States has created an opportunity for Canadian businessmen and women to export these prescription drugs from Canada to the United States. According to the Fraser Institute, â€Å"Canadian mail-order pharmacies currently enjoy reported sales of about US$650 million, a trivial portion of the American market for prescription drugs (Harris 2003).† There are several concerns regarding the drug trade with Canada: one is the cross-borde r trade of pharmacies could be harmful, and two it will eventually cause drug prices in Canada to increase. In turn, will leading to increased pressure for explicit price controls in the United States which would cause a reduction in medical research and development. Several Aspects of the United States drug market make it stand out from other markets. One of them as stated above is R&D for creating new drug products. As long as the United States is selling prescription drugs at such high prices (in order to support the R&D), Canada will be able to free ride based on the work done by the US manufactures. The competition between drug manufactures is extremely competitive, and developing new drugs and get... ...these drugs. The CBO concluded â€Å"the average price for patented drugs in other industrialized countries is 35-55% lower than in the United States. Ultimately there is a problem, with the prescription drug trade and a solution need to be found quickly. Whether it is a two-tiered system, a mulit-tierd system, or a parallel trade relative to income system the problem needs to be dealt with and fixed. Otherwise people are going to get sick and due to the high cost of prescription drug and health care they will lose the chance to get better. Work Cited Beckman, Ph. d, Steven. International Trade, University of Colorado at Denver. Fall, 2004. http://www.theorator.com/bills107/s2244.html http://www.affordablerx.com/newsandmedia/062103.html Congressional Budget Office, Washington D.C. April 29, 2004. http://www.cbo.gov/showdoc.cfm?index=5406&sequence=0

Summary of Chapter Two of The God of Small Things by Arundhati Roy Essa

Summary of Chapter Two of The God of Small Things by Arundhati Roy The system of caste in India is a bond of union, but splits up the society into sections. It revolves around the society's idea of what's "clean" and "pure". It exists not only in the form of Touchability and Untouchability but also gender difference and marital status. In Kerala, the setting for The God of Small Things, the caste system is deep-rooted; it has been made rigid by time and proliferated by the colonial rule. As a result, inevitably, the caste system greatly impacts the lives of the leading characters in the novel: Estha and Rahel, Ammu and Velutha. In my essay, I am going to explore the nature of the caste system and whom it affects. The revulsion of Untouchability is so inherent in the post-colonial society that even with the coming of the British, the untouchables in general were not only unable "to escape the scourge Untouchability". As Christians, "They were made to have separate churches, with separate services, and separate priests" and it was considered "a special favour (that) they were given their own separate Pariah Bishop." Further more, "After Independence they found they were not enititled to any Government benefits like job reservations or bank loans at low interest rates, because officially, on paper, there were (only) Christians, and therefore casteless." The life of Velutha, an untouchable, is greatly impacted not only in the way the other untouchables were. Since he was young, he had to conform to acts of inferiority. He had to enter by "the back entrance of the Ayemenem House to deliver the coconuts they [ Velutha and his dad] had plucked from the trees in the compound" and was not allowed into the ho... ...een traditions and are afforded no real recognition as said in what the novel calls "Locusts Stand I" or legal standing. Baby Kochama, once again hated them for that. She called them "Half-Hindhu Hybrids whom no self-respecting Syrian Christian would ever marry." As a result, further on the novel, their lives were greatly affected by her. The caste system on the whole traumatizes and affects Roy's protagonist's life in an unhealthy way. It took away the twin's need to belong to someone and their identity and, later on the novel, their childhood. It cost Ammu her love and her freedom. It deprived Velutha of a bright future and somehow caused his death. This way, Roy is able to let the reader see the atrocities of the caste system in India and be more aware about the stereotypes the society made to "different" people. Two thumbs and two toes up for Roy!

Low Pressure Atmospheric Systems

Low pressure atmospheric systems are also known as depressions or cyclones and they form in mid- and high-latitudes. They are formed by the mixing of cold and warm air, the warm air is lighter, so it rises above the denser, cold air and forms a centre of low pressure. High pressure atmospheric systems are also known as anticyclones and have very different characteristics to depressions. Anticyclones are large masses of subsiding air, which produces high pressure at the surface.There are a variety of difference between anticyclones and depressions, including the weather conditions, the length of time they last and the impact they have upon diverse countries and areas. Low pressure atmospheric systems can cause hazards because of severe weather such as blizzards and heavy snowfall, as well as high winds and heavy rainfall. This can have harsh impacts among individuals, being a lead cause of hypothermia, and frostbite, especially those vulnerable, such as the elderly. Also, these depres sions can cause crops to be destroyed, and a high mortality rate throughout the spring lambing season.Extreme cold spells can have a massive negative effect on a global scale, but also in a specific country or region. High pressure atmospheric systems affect the globe, especially the southern hemisphere, as it is nearly always continuous, although in places such as Australia and South Africa, this is broken throughout their summer. With anticyclones, there are few winds, so maps usually have circular spaced out isobars. Also, these atmospheric systems block depressions, which mean that their impacts are usually long-term, because they are constant. Weather associated with anticyclones differentiates depending on the time of year.In summer, anticyclones produce long periods of dry, hot, sunny weather, which can then cause heat waves and drought. However, in winter the cloudless nights mean that temperatures drop, and does not recover the next day because of weak sunshine and lingerin g fog. The impacts of anticyclones and depressions vary, as does the period they remain and the effect they have. The North American blizzard of 2003 lasted for five days throughout February and occurred on the East Coast of the USA and Canada. It was a record-breaking blizzard, which caused 27 deaths and over $14 million worth of damage.The cities in America were bought to a standstill, as there was a range of 38-76cm of snow covering the ground. The cause for such an unusually extreme blizzard was the fact that the conditions were favourable, with moisture from the Atlantic Ocean enhancing precipitation and a high pressure system over Canada, allowing cold air to be brought down coastal areas. This meant that the precipitation was mainly snow, hence the record-breaking statistics. The effects this storm had were mainly short-term, but the roof of the historic Railroad Museum collapsed and 27 people lost their lives.Additionally, transport infrastructure was brought to a halt, and three major airports were also closed. So, the impacts of depressions are mainly short-term, although the destruction can be horrendous, whereas, anticyclones usually cause long-term impacts on a country such as the Drought in Britain and Europe in 2003. This drought effected many locations, but the main focus was on the UK, France and Portugal. Not all impacts are negative, as the heat wave did boost the tourist industry in most countries and sales for summer items such as barbeques and sun cream increased, but this positive outlook is short-lived.In the UK, an estimated 200 people lost their lives due to poor air quality, and this figure was 10% higher than the average. Furthermore, transport was disrupted because of roads melting at such high temperatures, and the London Underground was 37Â °, which is over the legal limit to transport animals. Finally, in the UK the cost of people taking days off work to enjoy the hot weather was between ?7. 5million and ?10million per day. In France, the death toll was as high as 30,000 and harvests were down by 30 to 50% on 2002.Additionally, the nuclear power plants could not produce the soaring demands for energy, which was used for refrigerators and air conditioning, because there was less water available for cooling. Portugal declared a State of Emergency after the worst forest fires in 30 years. Approximately 35,000 hectares of forest, farmland and scrub was burned, and 1300 people died. 80 families were forced to abandon their homes, and arsonists begun deliberately causing fires, to gain compensation. The impacts of anticyclones on all of these countries had a massive effect, and it lasted over a month, with the hottest temperatures for up to 500 years.This demonstrates the long and short term impacts that anticyclones have on regions, countries and on a global scale. Location does have a result on the impact of low and high atmospheric pressure systems because they can be underdeveloped or have a lot of technolo gy that can be damaged or ruined. MEDC’s usually lose fewer lives than LEDC’s, no matter if it is a depression or a cyclone. Also, the evidence seems to suggest that depressions have a shorter impact on an area than anticyclones, but this is not necessarily true.Long-term secondary hazards can be a large issue after a depression, as the damage from flooding or heavy snow can be excessive and highly damaging. I conclude, low pressure atmospheric systems do usually have shorter-term impacts on a location, rather than high pressure atmospheric systems, but the secondary hazards can be a long-term issue for both of these hazards. Furthermore, the impact they have, may be different, depending on location, because a LEDC will be severely affected by both of these hazards, and will most likely have long-term consequences.

Progeny and Other Offspring

Progeny and Other Offspring Progeny and Other Offspring Progeny and Other Offspring By Maeve Maddox A reader asks for clarification: Please tell me under which situation I use the word progeny and where to use  offspring, with examples. English is blessed with numerous words to refer to the product of sexual union; progeny and offspring are only two of them. The gen in progeny, like the gen in genital, goes back to a Latin word for beget. Progeny, therefore, is a good all-purpose word to describe people, plants, and animals that are the product of sexual reproduction. Offspring is not so literal a word as progeny; it combines the verb spring with the adverb off. Offspring are what â€Å"jump off† from the parent. It has a friendlier, less formal connotation than progeny. Compare, for example, Mr. and Mrs. Gilbreth brought up their progeny according to strict ideas of efficiency. Mr. and Mrs. Gilbreth treated their offspring to a day at the beach. Here’s a list of synonyms that are or have been used with the meaning of progeny: babies brood children descendants family fruit of one’s loins fruit of one’s womb heirs issue offspring posterity progeny scions seed sons and daughters successors spawn young Like all synonyms, these words have different connotations. We speak of babies, children, family, and sons and daughters when we are talking about people in general. In matters of law, the words heirs and issue are used with specific legal meaning. A man’s children are called issue, usually in the sense of children who have a legal right to inherit. An heir is the person entitled by law to succeed another â€Å"in the enjoyment of property or rank.† Prince Charles is referred to as â€Å"heir to the British throne,† but according to the OED, legally speaking, he won’t be the heir until his mother dies: nemo est heres viventis, â€Å"nobody is a living heir.† Genealogists talk in terms of descendants. Historians speak of posterity, the people who come after those living in the present: For it has been wisely said that if the judgment of the time must be corrected by that of posterity, it is no less true that the judgment of posterity must be corrected by that of the time.† Felix Frankfurter The horticultural term scion is often used in speaking of the descendants of noble or wealthy families: Originally built by Alfred Gwynne Vanderbilt, a scion of the wealthy Vanderbilt family, the 1909 property [the Vanderbilt Grace hotel] is a vintage Newport mansion that has been restored to its former glory In gardening terms, a scion is a slip taken from a tree or other plant and used for grafting. Another gardening word, seed, is also used to mean progeny: Now to Abraham and his seed were the promises made. –Galatians 3:16. The expression â€Å"fruit of loins/womb† is familiar from the KJ translation of the Bible, as in the greeting of Mary’s cousin Elisabeth: And she [Elisabeth] spake out with a loud voice, and said, Blessed art thou among women, and blessed is the fruit of thy womb. Luke 1:42. The word brood for children has a warm, motherly connotation. Its figurative use derives from the way a hen sits on her eggs to keep them warm. Indeed, brood is cognate with Middle High German bruot, ‘heat, warmth, hatching, that which is hatched.† The only word in the list that has an out-and-out negative connotation is spawn. Literally the eggs of aquatic creatures, spawn is used figuratively as both noun and verb to suggest that the progeny spoken of is undesirable. Because spawn is frequently used to refer to demons, as in â€Å"hell-spawn† and â€Å"spawn of the devil,† the word has become popular in the world of comics and novels about the forces of good and evil. As a noun, spawn can refer to any type of progeny that may be seen as potentially as bad as the parent. As a verb, spawn is often used to mean â€Å"to create something bad†: Joblessness, poverty, crime spawn violence Delinquent Parents Spawn Teenage Criminals Suburban hazing scandals spawn new criminal offense Computers Spawn A New Criminal Breed Some journalists use negative spawn where a word like initiate or even beget would be more appropriate: Dedicated Leaders Spawn Island Cooperative Scholar’s research spawns international remembrance effort The surest way to develop an ear for connotation is to read widely from the English literary canon, a practice that is becoming less frequent among the nominally educated. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:100 Beautiful and Ugly Words5 Brainstorming Strategies for WritersThe Difference Between "Un-" and "Dis-"

Football

Football Free Online Research Papers Football is an all-American sport. It is America’s favorite pass time game. Football is also, from some people’s point of view, the single-handedly most violent sport around. Football has two variations to tackle. These are touch football; for people who cant play tackle football, and flag football for the little kids that don’t fit the pads. No matter how bad football seams to be for some it still has rules such as: 1. No taunting opposing players 2. No purposely hurting other players 3. Do not cross the line of scrimmage before the ball has moved more than a fraction of an inch 4. Show good sportsmanship to the opposing team 5. No foul language These are just a couple of the games rules At all times there are two teams on the field. There are four different teams. They are the two different special teams (kick off, and kick return) there also is the offence and defense. All teams have 11 players. The offence has, 1 quarterback, 1 halfback, 1 fullback, 1 running back, 2 tight ends, 2 guards, 1 center, and 2 tackles. On the defense team there is 2-6 linebackers, 2 defensive tackles, 1 safety, and 2 defensive ends. On the kickoff team there are ten runners and a kicker. On the kick return team you have the 4 front blockers, the 4 middle blockers, and the 3 returnees. Points are made by making a touchdown. To make a touchdown you must run the ball into the in-zone. Sound easy? That is where the defense comes in. The defense is stationed in front of the offence to try to keep them from getting the ball into the in-zone. The offence has four tries to get the ball into the in-zone. If they don’t get the ball in by the third try they can try it one more time, or, if the are to far to make a run play, they will try to make it through the goal post with a punt. If they run and make it they get the points and get the point after. If they don’t make it it is turned over to the other team. If they make the punt they get one point, if not it is turned over. Football is one of America’s best games ever invented. It is a free form game. This makes it easier to come up with new plays, you don’t know what will happen next. This is why so many people like it. Research Papers on FootballThe Hockey GameHip-Hop is ArtThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductUnreasonable Searches and SeizuresEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenTwilight of the UAWThe Spring and AutumnResearch Process Part OneThe Fifth Horseman

Turkey essays

Turkey essays The Turkish nation cannot hide the fact that it holds a horrific human rights record. Yet there are many other states that have abused such rights, were able to put an end to violent acts against humankind, and now stand amongst the greatest and most respected powers in the world. The United States practiced slavery; Germany, under the Nazis, was responsible for the greatest genocide in history. However, they were able to reform their policies and once again establish nations whose goals are to protect the rights of their people. We do not ask you to forgive us for our past actions, but to recognize the fact we have chosen to take the road of reforming our policies. Turkey has already taken great strides to achieve its goals. We also ask of you to help, support and give us advice on how to preserve human rights within our country. We promise that we will achieve this goal. II. Human Rights and the European Union Turkey became a candidate for E.U. membership in 1999. However, it must meet the Copenhagen criteria before membership negotiations can begin. The criteria require that all applicant states demonstrate stability of institutions guaranteeing democracy, the rule of law. Human rights, and respect for and protection of minorities. Due to the fact that full membership in the European Union is the primary objective of Turkish foreign policy, the country is taking all measures and putting great effort into meeting these criteria. Turkey is attempting to transform virtually its entire social structure to bring its policies and laws more into line with European norms. One of its objectives is also to resolve disputes through peaceful means and to contribute to regional peace, stability, security and prosperity. Turkey has demonstrated its resolve in ensuring the stability of democratic institutions and upgrading human rights standards. The new Turkish Civil C ...

Fahad Young Goodman Brown Question Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Fahad Young Goodman Brown Question - Essay Example Goodman Brown becomes stern and distrustful because he can no longer easily believe reality as it is and because he learns that evil reigns in the world. His experiences in the forest, whether they are dreams or reality, have changed his concept of reality. In the forest, dark magic is everywhere, with the devil turning the wet maple branch into a twig that is â€Å"strangely withered and dried up† and when he sees the â€Å"shape of his own dead father beckoned him to advance† to the devil’s congregation (Hawthorne). These things he saw challenged what is real and what is not. Because Goodman Brown cannot say the difference anymore, he becomes stern when he looks at things and people for nothing is what it appears to be. Furthermore, aside from distrust in reality, he no longer trusts humanity. The congregation makes it clear that the devil rules the world. The devil says: â€Å"Evil is the nature of mankind. Evil must be your only happiness† (Hawthorne). If evil is inside humanity, then he cannot trust people, as well as his own ability to be good. Goodman Brown is stern to himself and the community around him that is filled with evil. Apart from being stern, Goodman Brown becomes sad because he loses his innocence when he learns that everyone he trusted to be good is evil. In the forest, Brown learns that Goody Cloyse, who taught him catechism, is â€Å"old friends† with the devil, while he hears the â€Å"the voices of the minister and Deacon Gookin† getting excited for the evil congregation. The community which he thought was a good one is into devil worship. Probably the worst that he experiences is that even his wife has been baptized into devil worship. His Faith is the young woman that everyone he met has been talking about who will receive the devil’s communion. Goodman Brown says: â€Å"`My Faith is gone!† (Hawthorne). Faith becomes literally his faith in God and humanity.

Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 39

Marketing - Essay Example Around fifteen to twenty years back, most of the information was taken from the books in order to gain knowledge, but today knowledge is gained from the internet. All the libraries, journals, reports, and magazines can be accessed from the internet making it easy for people to get more knowledge (Muan). Another positive impact of technology on human relation is the communication, because human are able to contact each other from every part of the world which can create strong bonding between them. Apart from the technological advantages on human relations, there are many negative aspects of this advancement as well (Muan). Previously people use to coordinate with each other and discuss their issues but now, people have become more individualistic, and there is a certain distance between them. The families use to converse, argue, share joys within the members of the family, but technology has changed the human relations and now they desire to remain in their personal life that consist s of gadgets, cell phones, and internet (Muan). Every effort has its concluding point, but the advancement of technology has continued for many years, and it is expected that it will prolong in the upcoming years as well. There are many technologies that are not tested, yet but technologies that have been launched prove that it has become an integral part of humans and it is not possible for them to survive without technology. Since the role of the internet has become imperative for reaching the right target market and getting information of the clients, the role of technology in marketing has increased, and organizations now requires experts who can use and implement new technology in the marketing field (Shugan). The technology is significant for companies that are willing to apprehend their clients and building new relationships with these clients by using interacting tools. Previously, the organizations use to depend on their field persons for marketing

Journal opinion article Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Journal opinion article - Essay Example This move is stressed for by the European Union as well as the United States of America. Russia on the other hand aims at maintaining its influence on Ukraine and other smaller states of the region which will allow it promoting its products, services and large scaled enterprises such as Gazprom and many more gas and natural resources providing companies and multinationals. Given the fact that Ukraine is largely reliant upon Russia for the fulfillment of its citizens needs, the natural gas resources availability and purchase from Russia is another constraint. With the recent strangulation of ties between them, and the time barring factor and sword hanging over the heads of Ukrainians, the Kiev administration is deeply concerned about the possible backlashes of it. Naftogaz is another stakeholder in the entire event and aims to undermine the impact and influence of Gazprom. Ukraine’s economy that is already hit by the economic recession and other obstacles has found its overall usage and consumption reduced by a given 5 to 9 percent decrease in last year or so. With Russia offering to reduce the rates to 385 dollars per cubic meter, Ukraine still insists on bringing the rates down to the originally set rates that were in place previously. European Union holds key interest and key position with regard to the overall debacle of Ukraine- Russia crisis has beefed up its activities in bid to find an amicable solution. European Union has its backing towards Ukraine and aims at standing by Ukraine in these rough times where Russia has already annexed Crimea (Ortlepp, 161) and is using its economic strength to its benefit (Kolyandr). With the increase in the rates, Ukraine is subsequently left with the impact of higher debts to pay and the time running out on them, the E.U and other global entities have stepped in, in hope to resolve the overall issue and prevent Ukraine from

Artists Chosen to Depict This World in a Positive and Negative Sides Essay

Artists Chosen to Depict This World in a Positive and Negative Sides - Essay Example Art serves many purposes and for these purposes is to relate to its audience.  Ã‚   Relating to the audience can either be done either by painting the world in a positive light or otherwise by invoking the darker side of man and society.   Both methods are effective in rendering art. One of the artists that depicted in this world in a positive light is Claude Monet (1840-1926), a French impressionist painter famous for his ponds and water lilies.   He portrayed the world in a positive a light because he invokes fond memories among his audience when he paints his ponds, water lilies, garden, and beach.  Ã‚   Noticeably, Monet’s work is full of depicting waters in various form be it ponds or beaches, it invokes a positive feeling among his audience because it reminds them of outing, the family gets together, childhood and happy moments. The other approach that is opposite to Monet’s positive outlook is depicting the darker side of man and society.   This approac h is to bother and unsettle the audience by invoking negativity in the artwork.   One of the classic examples is Pablo Picasso with his distorted image of man and his surroundings.   His approach was so negative that he was first criticized for his negative approach in painting.   Finally, the audience caught up with him and understood the genius of his work that beauty can also be portrayed by evoking the negative aspect of man and society and not just by painting nice things and people which could sometimes be boring.

Reflective assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Reflective - Assignment Example Facts and discussion presented in this assignment are basically structured in accordance with the Gibbs reflective model (1988). To validate the reflection practice, this paper includes a case scenario in which the practitioners involved in the care of the patient did not pay adequate attention to the importance of effective communication. Consequently, this lack of communication affected the patient for the worse. Therefore, this paper aims at scrutinizing the best research evidence to emphasize the need for proper communication in health care in order to refine clinical practice and respect patient values. Several years ago, I was in the cardiac theatre working as an anaesthesia technician and meanwhile, one 5 years old boy who was a cardiac patient was undergoing dental clearance by a trainee dentist. After the trainee was through, the inhalation agent got terminated so as to allow the patient recover prior to the removal of the endotracheal tube. Now in many situations, it is too risky for novices like dentists undergoing training to take full control of actual procedures to be performed on the patients and it also appeared later from a consent form that the patient’s parents had never agreed to the direct involvement of anyone but highly qualified professionals in their child’s treatment in the OT. Clearly, this critical incident originated due to lack of healthy communication between the surgeons and patients which is essential to avoiding risks in the OT. Though the patient did not experience a considerable harm but his parents had desired for any intervention to be carried out by trained professionals and not by trainees. Shock was one of the feelings that overcame me first when from another anaesthesia technician I learned that the patient’s parents had not wished for the involvement of a trainee to avoid any possible risks. This fellow technician despite knowing of the parents’

Artists Chosen to Depict This World in a Positive and Negative Sides Essay

Artists Chosen to Depict This World in a Positive and Negative Sides - Essay Example Art serves many purposes and for these purposes is to relate to its audience.  Ã‚   Relating to the audience can either be done either by painting the world in a positive light or otherwise by invoking the darker side of man and society.   Both methods are effective in rendering art. One of the artists that depicted in this world in a positive light is Claude Monet (1840-1926), a French impressionist painter famous for his ponds and water lilies.   He portrayed the world in a positive a light because he invokes fond memories among his audience when he paints his ponds, water lilies, garden, and beach.  Ã‚   Noticeably, Monet’s work is full of depicting waters in various form be it ponds or beaches, it invokes a positive feeling among his audience because it reminds them of outing, the family gets together, childhood and happy moments. The other approach that is opposite to Monet’s positive outlook is depicting the darker side of man and society.   This approac h is to bother and unsettle the audience by invoking negativity in the artwork.   One of the classic examples is Pablo Picasso with his distorted image of man and his surroundings.   His approach was so negative that he was first criticized for his negative approach in painting.   Finally, the audience caught up with him and understood the genius of his work that beauty can also be portrayed by evoking the negative aspect of man and society and not just by painting nice things and people which could sometimes be boring.

Art as a social commentary in Salgagos The Salt of the Earth Essay

Art as a social commentary in Salgagos The Salt of the Earth - Essay Example On these pictures, we could clearly see the suffering of the people in poor places. On the other hand, It touches our mind that the artist had shown well in the picture. On the other hand, these pictures let us think about the darkest parts of the world which we never suffer. The artist took many risks to report the truth in the world. All of his pictures are showing the emotion from different kinds of people in Brazil. According to the quote in why art, â€Å"Good art is a trying of vision, in the way a saw is tried in the saw shop, to cut more cleanly†. It is easy to see that good art are based on a true event that what you see and feel in your life. What could be improved and change your life attitude is a good art’s purport. From Salgado's arts, we could feel a real world that these exactly touch our heart. He had traveled to many different countries and took photographs of what he saw. His pictures are showing a real world of the darkest part which we may have never experienced before. The man in his pictures had the most genuine impression and action. A good art is going to tell people to deepen their thinking. Also, the many pictures that Salgago took in Africa showed a different and beautiful world to people. The people of the original environment and people showed a quiet and ordinary life. On the contrary, some pictures from Salgago explained a sad world. The poor people wer e suffering from the disaster. So, a good art is telling a story and let people think about the life of its subject.

Scene Analysis of Twelfth Night Essay Example for Free

Scene Analysis of Twelfth Night Essay Feste, the Fool, disguises himself as Sir Topas, a priest, and visits Malvolio in his imprisonment, under direction of Maria and Sir Toby. Malvolio is relieved to hear the voice of the priest and believes the priest might release him from his prison. Malvolio makes the claim that he is not insane and is wrongly imprisoned in darkness. Feste tells Malvolio that he is in a well-lit room and that the darkness is simply ignorance. Sir Toby becomes afraid that if this jest goes on for any longer, Olivia, his niece might kick him out of her house. Sir Toby urges Feste to talk to Malvolio as himself. Feste, however, is having a bit of fun with his new alter ego. Feste begins talking to Malvolio as himself, but he begins using both personas in the conversation. Malvolio still urges Feste that he is sane and asks Feste to bring him a pen, some paper and a light. Feste offers to retrieve the requested items. 3. This scene deals directly with the ideas of identity and insanity found throughout the play. Feste dresses like a priest in order to assume the identity of Sir Topas. However, Malvolio is in darkness and is incapable of seeing Feste. The disguise is not needed, but the usage of the disguise points to identity being a direct result of personal appearance. Feste must dress as a priest in order to act like a priest. Previously, Malvolio dressed rather absurdly and was, by the same logic inherent in Feste’s costuming, insane. The scene also changes the audience’s perception of Malvolio. Earlier in the play, Malvolio’s character is a boring burden of sobriety on the community. As such a character, his humiliation seems warranted. In this scene, however, he is helpless. Feste treats Malvolio like a toy and attempts to convince him that he is truly insane. . The scene’s location in the play breaks up the action involving Sebastian in the first and third scenes of Act IV. This scene’s tone is lighter and comical in what would be a more serious act. It also adds the perspective of a brief passage of time between the two Sebastian scenes, thus allowing Olivia’s character to depart and collect the priest that is to marry her to Sebastian. 5. This scene directly affects the tone of the final act of the play. Malvolio’s resistance to Feste as the fool insists he is mad helps portray Malvolio as he sole person that is fully aware of his own identity. Malvolio knows that he is sane, whereas insanity holds onto other more frenetic characters. His stalwart sanity makes him incapable of letting down his guard and joining in the fun. At the play’s close, Malvolio finds out that Olivia did not write the love note, and his imprisonment was the result of a practical joke. If Malvolio were capable of buying into Feste’s claims that he was insane, he might have been more accepting of the joke. Instead, he claims he will have his rev enge and adds a sour tone to the ending of the play.

Independent Prescribing | Supplementary Prescribing

Independent Prescribing | Supplementary Prescribing Introduction This portfolio has been compiled in order to complete the non-medical prescribing qualification through the University of Central Lancashire. Throughout the portfolio, the author has analysed situations encountered whilst working along a designated medical practitioner (DMP). The author is a mental health nurse and is employed in a community mental health team, offering support to individuals who suffer with severe and enduring mental health problems. In the practice area, new ways of working (Department of Health (DH), 2007) is beginning to take effect which has enabled expansion of current roles, including non medical prescribing. The portfolio is organised into sections, with an index page for navigation. Two consultations are presented; the first involving an individual with a neurotic illness, where independent prescribing was deemed appropriate in the absence of co-morbid illness or significant risk. The second consultation pertains to an individual with severe and enduring mental health problems who has suffered adverse reactions to medication previously and for whom supplementary prescribing appeared to be the safest prescribing option. The consultations are followed by an evidence section and appendices. Completion of the portfolio has facilitated extensive development of knowledge in terms of pharmacology, including physiological variance (evidence 15). Knowledge of psychotropic medicines has also greatly improved and the importance of physical health monitoring for service users has since become a priority. The author believes that becoming a non-medical prescriber will provide an ideal opportunity to have a direct effect on public health targets such as reducing avoidable death from suicide and offering quicker, more appropriate treatment options to people with mental illness. The author also feels confident that non-medical prescribing in mental health will lead to increased concordance and better service user satisfaction. The required practice hours of the course have been achieved (evidence 1) through working with members of the prescribing team (evidence 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d, 2e). Throughout the portfolio, the author has ensured protection of confidential information, as directed by the Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC) (2008) by referring to the service users by pseudonyms i.e. Alexander and by anonymising information related to the Trust for which the author works. Furthermore, consent forms have been obtained for named professionals and user perspectives Independent Prescribing Independent prescribing is defined as prescribing by a practitioner (e.g. doctor, dentist, nurse, pharmacist) responsible and accountable for the assessment of patients with undiagnosed and diagnosed conditions and for decisions about the clinical management required, including prescribing (DH, 2006 p2). The author will critically analyse an independent prescribing situation, addressing learning outcomes 1,2,3,4 and 5 in doing so. Reference to the stages of the prescribing pyramid will be made as this is a useful model to ensure appropriate prescribing (National Prescribing Centre (NPC), 1999). The patient will be referred to as Anne Knowles. Anne was a 28-year-old woman with a history of depression, referred by her General Practitioner who suspected a relapse. In order to confirm this, a full assessment was undertaken. Fortunately in mental health, adequate time is allocated for practitioners to gather information. Prescribers are encouraged to approach consultations in a structured way (NPC, 2003) therefore the Calgary-Cambridge model (Silverman, Kurtz and Draper 1998) was used alongside a structured tool in support of this approach. Health authorities have formulated unique Care Programme Approach (CPA) assessment tools based on the original guidance in Caring for People (DH, 1990) to accomplish a holistic assessment and this is what is advocated by the NPC (1999), as the first element of good prescribing practice. The author used the tool designed by the local health authority in the assessment of Anne (evidence 3). While the CPA assessment is comprehensive, the author elected to enhance it with additional tools to better inform prescribing practice. Incorporating Mortons (1992) symptom analysis tool a thorough assessment of Annes presenting symptom was facilitated. Furthermore, an individualised report obtained using a solution-focused approach (de Shazer, 1988), gave the author an appreciation of what was currently happening and how improvement would be detected (evidence 3, page 13). The author also utilised Becks Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) (Beck, Steer and Brown, 1996) (evidence 4). Although routinely used in the practice environment due to its ease and speed of completion, it has been criticised due to the gender and cultural bias (female, Caucasian), which it represents (Hagen, 2007). This is something with which the author would agree and plans to use the Montgomery-Asberg Depression rating scale (Montgomery and Asperg, 1979) in the future as this has a broader reflection than the BDI-II. The remainder of the assessment, including a full medical, social and medication history, allergy status and exploration of Annes beliefs about her illness and future treatment were also included in the assessment. It is commonplace in clinical practice for staff to present assessments to the medical team where discussion of differential diagnosis occurs. Such discussion facilitates accurate diagnosis and debate of treatment options; however it is reliant on a precise initial assessment and effective presentation of the case. Following this a diagnosis of moderate depression was agreed under section F32.1 of the International Classification of Disease (World Health Organization (WHO), 1992). Considering the prescribing pyramid, the second step requires deliberation of the appropriate strategy to use. As the diagnosis of moderate depression was established, the author knew that a prescription was needed. Guidance from the National Institute of Clinical Excellence (NICE) (2004) suggests that individuals diagnosed with moderate to severe depression should routinely be offered a pharmacological intervention before psychological interventions. When considering choice of products, the third step of the prescribing pyramid, prescribers have available various antidepressants from diverse groups, namely Monoamine-oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs), Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCAs), and Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs). There are also listings in the British National Formulary (Royal Pharmaceutical Society (RPS) British Medical Association (BMA), 2007) for other antidepressant drugs that cannot be classified into specific groups due to their unique pharmacology i.e. Mirtazapine and Reboxetine. In choosing between the agents, the author consulted national guidelines (NICE, 2004) which examine the effectiveness, appropriateness, safety and cost-effectiveness of drugs. NICE (2004) favours use of SSRIs to other antidepressant groups. This is because they are as effective as TCAs but concordance is higher because of the better side effect profile (NICE, 2004). Barbui and Hotopf (2001) reported that Amitriptyline, a TCA was more effective than SSRIs however conceded that use of SSRIs was higher because of their enhanced tolerability. SSRIs are less likely to cause sedation and cause much fewer anti-muscarinic effects than TCAs (RPS BMA, 2007). The other major distinction is that should they be used in overdose, SSRIs are considered less toxic than TCAs. Use of an MAOI was not considered as first-line treatment for Anne. Although once viewed as less effective than other antidepressants, when used in adequate doses, MAOIs are as efficacious (Riederer, Lachenmayer and Laux, 2004). However MAOIs are generally better in treating atypical depression (Riederer et al, 2004) and are associated with dangerous dietary and drug interactions (Nash and Nutt, 2007). SSRIs are the agents of choice in the practice area (evidence 5), in line with national guidelines. The common pharmacology of SSRIs is the prevention of reuptake of the neurotransmitter serotonin into the pre-synaptic cell, leaving increased amounts of serotonin available to bind to post-synaptic receptors (Carrasco and Sandner, 2005). Although the central nervous system is the desired site of action, SSRIs also exert their effect throughout the body, which explains their side effects. Aside from the primary pharmacology of the SSRIs, each has diverse properties, knowledge of which assists prescribers to choose the most appropriate agent. NICE (2004) directs prescribers to opt for Fluoxetine or Citalopram due to their ease of discontinuation as with other SSRIs, users have reported distressing discontinuation symptoms. A review by Haddad (2001) found as many as fifty different discontinuation symptoms, ranging in severity from mild to severely disabling. These included dizziness, nausea, lethargy, headache, electric shock like sensations, insomnia and nightmares. An understanding of the physiological mechanisms underlying the syndrome has yet to be realised. Theorists such as Tamam and Ozpoyraz (2003) and Blier and Tremblay (2006) speculate that the readaptation of the neurotransmitter systems, which rapidly increase reuptake of serotonin and subsequently decrease the amount of serotonin able to bind to post-synaptic receptors, are the likely triggers. Drugs with shorter half lives i.e. Paroxetine are the most problematic and those with longer half-lives and active metabolites i.e. Citalopram and Fluoxetine appear to fair better (Taylor, Paton and Kerwin, 2007). In terms of appropriateness, all SSRIs share identical cautions and contraindications and research has shown that Citalopram is just as effective as Fluoxetine in treating depressive symptoms (Patris, Bouchard, Bougerol, Charbonnier, Chevalier, Clerc, Cyran, Van Amerongen, Lemming and Hopfner Petersen, 1996). Consideration of patient-specific factors during the history taking identified that Anne found previous success with Citalopram. The medical history had not highlighted any conditions where cautions apply such as epilepsy, cardiac disease, diabetes mellitus, allergies etc and the author was aware that use of all antidepressants was contra-indicated in mania (RPS BMA, 2007). The choice of product was made in discussion with Anne. She had a preference for Citalopram and after reviewing the available evidence, the author concurred with this choice and prescribed Citalopram (evidence 6). See evidence 7 for a profile of Citalopram. Next, it was necessary to negotiate a contract with Anne, stage four of the prescribing pyramid. Anne understood Citalopram from previous use, however education regarding what the prescription was for and how long it would take to work (evidence 7) was given. Anne did not have a preference in terms of formulation and therefore tablets were prescribed, as this was the cheapest option. The side effects and red flag concerns of the medication were then identified to Anne (evidence 1, section 6). All antidepressants have been linked with a possible increased risk of suicidality. Research into SSRIs and suicidality demonstrates conflicting findings in that Healey (2003) found increased risk in early treatment and Isacsson, Holmgren and Ahlner (2005) reported a reduction. The Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency maintain that prescribers of SSRIs should monitor and assess for this regularly. Due to the possibility of suicidality occurring as a red flag, a prescription for treatment to last seven days was given and the rationale explained to Anne and her partner. In the practice area, service users are given information from the United Kingdom Psychiatric Pharmacy Group (UKPPG), available via the Trust intranet; the data regarding Citalopram was given to Anne (Appendix 1). Furthermore, Anne was encouraged to refer to the patient information leaflet, dispensed with the product from the chemist. Annes partner expressed concerns about media reports questioning the efficacy of antidepressant medication; this was addressed by giving him a copy of the Trusts response to the information (Appendix 2). This information was successful in reassuring him (evidence 8), along with the arrangements for reviewing Anne on a regular basis. In terms of reviewing Anne, stage five of the prescribing pyramid, a further appointment was made for seven days, in line with NICE (2004) guidance due to her higher background risk of suicide as an individual under the age of thirty years. Based on the evidence that SSRIs can increase risk of suicide, planning to see any patient commenced on antidepressants within a week would better ensure safety and professional accountability, in addition to addressing the public health target to reducing suicide. Although increased energy and motivation is apparent a week into treatment, the antidepressant effect is not, therefore the individual may continue to experience depressive symptoms and have the impetus to act on suicidal thoughts (NICE, 2004). Frequent monitoring thereafter is recommended by NICE (2004) who suggest professionals look for signs of akathisia, suicidal ideas and increased anxiety and agitation, which can occur with all antidepressants, including Citalopram. The author elected to give Anne and her partner the contact details for the Crisis Team in the local area, should support be needed out of working hours, explaining that they could be contacted if her mental health further deteriorated or she began to suffer with suicidal thoughts. It was indicated to Anne that she would be unlikely to feel the full benefit from the treatment for approximately two weeks due to the pharmacology of the drug (evidence 7) and that once the depression had lifted; guidelines suggest treatment should continue for at least six months after this marker. Geddes, Carney, Davies, Furukawa, Kupfer, Frank and Goodwin (2003) found that treatment continued for this time frame reduces the risk of relapse. In terms of keeping records, stage six of the prescribing pyramid, Annes progress was recorded using the electronic Care Programme Approach (eCPA) system. Use of eCPA in the practice area is a new development, intended to replace the paper-record system, allowing immediate access to relevant mental health staff. It is currently inaccessible to other health professionals; therefore duplication of work is necessary in order to ensure effective communication. Currently, professionals involved in the care of an individual seen by psychiatric services are identified as part of the initial assessment (evidence 1, section 19) and are advised of their treatment plan and progress via separate letters (Appendix 3). Working in this manner ensures safe, ethical practice by good communication with members of the multi-disciplinary team (NMC, 2008). In line with the NMC standards for recordkeeping (NMC, 2005) the author recorded and disseminated the information in a timely manner, using the same format as her DMP. In the future, the author plans to work with the non-medical prescribing lead to develop an appropriate format for her practice, which should enhance professional accountability. The seventh and final principle of the prescribing pyramid encourages reflection on prescribing practice. The author was confident that a prescription was necessary and therefore did not feel pressured by the patient to issue treatment against better judgement as can be the case (Britten, Ukoumunne and Boulton, 2002). Neither did the advertising activities of the relevant drug company influence the choice of product. Reliance on independent research was used to inform prescribing practice. Supplementary Prescribing Supplementary prescribing is described as a voluntary partnership between an independent prescriber (a doctor or a dentist) and a supplementary prescriber to implement an agreed patient-specific Clinical Management Plan with the patients agreement (DH, 2005a paragraph 8). A critical analysis of a supplementary prescribing scenario will follow, addressing learning outcomes 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5. As in the IP scenario, reference will be made to the prescribing pyramid (NPC, 1999). The patient will be referred to as Alexander Stewart. Alexanders General Practitioner (GP) had been managing his care; however he had been referred to the service following discontinuation of antipsychotic medication Risperidone, due to sexual dysfunction. Alexander was under the care of a consultant psychiatrist who had diagnosed Schizophrenia of the paranoid type, under Section F20.0 of the International Classification of Disease 10 (WHO, 1992). At the time of meeting Alexander, early warning signs of relapse were evident in that he believed others were against him and were sending messages via media sources. Alexander had sufficient insight to be able to recognise that his mental health was declining and had attended the appointment in the hope that an alternative treatment could be prescribed. The independent prescriber (IP), Dr Gater, felt that Alexander was a suitable candidate for a supplementary prescribing arrangement as there were no issues of substance misuse, no co-morbid illnesses and he had a good history of engagement. It is recommended that these factors be considered before contemplating supplementary prescribing in mental health care (DH, 2005b). New Ways of Working in Mental Health (DH, 2005c) dictate that individuals with highly complex needs, including those with dual diagnosis, history of poor engagement, co-morbid physical illness and assessed high risk of harm to self or others are seen by more advanced, highly trained professionals such as consultants. Dr Gater discussed with Alexander the possibility of supplementary prescribing and he agreed to work in this way, with the author as the supplementary prescriber (SP), who also took on the role of care co-ordinator. The IP set the parameters of the Clinical Management Plan (CMP) and this was then drawn up and signed, (evidence 9) indicating agreement by the IP, SP and Alexander as is mandatory for supplementary prescribing situations (DH, 2005a). The IP and SP had shared access to the patient record. The CMP in this instance was broad and permitted prescription of antipsychotic medication from a wide choice of agents, however CMPs can be specific, for example, only allowing the SP to make dose or frequency of dose changes to an identified medicine (DH 2005b). In such cases, if a patient were to develop adverse side-effects from the medicine, a new CMP would have to be developed, leading to increased workload and time delays for treatment. In this instance, because of the knowledge and experience of the SP, the close working relationship of the IP and SP and the accessibility of comprehensive guidance regarding the management of Schizophrenia (NICE, 2002b) a broad CMP was considered appropriate. The author used the prescribing pyramid to aid practice (NPC, 1999) and adhering to the first principle, considered a holistic assessment. The IP had already taken a thorough history and made a diagnosis, however the history taking was repeated by the SP to ensure that Alexanders presentation had not changed. Difficulties can arise if this occurs (evidence 2d). A CPA assessment was carried out (evidence 10), supplemented by a symptom analysis tool, namely Morton (1992). The assessment confirmed the original diagnosis. The National Service Framework for Mental Health (DH 1999a) reported that individuals suffering with this illness are nine times more likely than the general population to commit suicide and that the risk of death from other violent incidents is over twice as high. Government policy since this time has aimed to ensure that people with mental health problems are better able to access services and appropriate treatments in a timely manner, to prevent the aforementioned likelihoods. The author was keen to uphold these principles and treat accordingly. Theorists such as Wyatt (1991) and McGlashan and Hoffman (2000) have speculated that prolonged non-treatment of Schizophrenia can result in brain-damaging neurotoxicity and synaptic plasticity, respectively; however there is limited research into these theories (McGlashan, 2006). Findings from duration of untreated psychosis studies have lead to the recent development of Early Intervention Services which aim to ensure that people with mental illness receive timely treatment in order to prevent biological, psychological and social decline (Whitwell, 2001). Personal experience has further demonstrated that non-treatment of the illness results in further loss of insight, increased distortions of judgement and the possibility that the active phase will last indefinitely. This knowledge meant that the second principle of the prescribing pyramid was satisfied since the appropriate strategy was to issue a prescription. Alongside this, the author, working as care co-ordinator for Alexander highlighted interventions to address issues relevant to his quality of life and well-being including housing, finance and employment support etc as suggested by government policy (DH 1999a, DH 1999b). The third principle, consideration of product choice, was initially agreed via the CMP. This indicated use of antipsychotic medication; however the selection of agents was open for discussion between Alexander and myself. To aid the decision, referral was made to the NICE guidance for treatments in Schizophrenia (NICE 2002a). The guidance recommends use of atypical antipsychotics in the treatment of Schizophrenia. Evidence 12 explains typical versus atypical antipsychotics in further detail. Alexander previously had a good response to an atypical drug, namely Risperidone, however stopped it due to the adverse drug reaction (ADR) he suffered. Alexander developed retrograde ejaculation, a reasonably high reported adverse effect of this drug (Taylor et al, 2007). Alexanders G.P had been satisfied that the symptom was not caused by other conditions such as diabetes mellitus or multiple sclerosis; and as the symptom ceased following discontinuation of Risperidone, was satisfied that it was an ADR. Although evidence suggests that this effect is dose related (Raja 1999, Loh, Leckband, Meyer and Turner 2004), Alexander did not wish to recommence this treatment. In choosing the most appropriate treatment, the criteria was therefore further simplified to an atypical agent, where possible, with a low affinity for alpha1 adrenergic antagonism since this is thought to be the cause of retrograde ejaculation with Risperidone (Loh at al, 2004). From the atypical agents listed in the current British National Formulary (RPS BMA, 2007), the two with the lowest affinity for alpha1 adrenergic antagonism are Aripiprazole and Quetiapine (Loh et al, 2004). Alexander was also presented with information comparing antipsychotics in terms of other commonly experienced side effects (Appendix 4) and then given the opportunity to ask questions. Finally, Alexander and I agreed on Aripiprazole and a prescription was issued (evidence 11). In addition to the importance of the positive side effect profile, Aripiprazole also rated as less expensive than comparable treatment with Quetiapine (Taylor et al, 2007) and this is a factor which prescribers are directed to pay attention to (NPC 1999, NICE 2002). In terms of preparations, Aripiprazole is manufactured in tablet form, orodispersible tablets and as an oral solution. As Alexander was happy to take tablets, this was the preparation prescribed. Aripiprazole is described as having a uniquely robust pharmacology (Davies, Sheffler and Roth 2004), centred on it being a partial agonist at Dopamine D2 receptors. Evidence 12 provides a profile for Aripiprazole, which explains this in further detail. It is distinctive from the other atypical agents as it stabilises the spread of dopamine in two of the four major pathways (mesolimbic and mescortical) where the neurotransmitter Dopamine is found, as opposed to purely blocking dopamine receptors or working as an antagonist at D2 receptors. Despite this difference, a recent systematic review of Aripiprazole actually found that it did not have significant advantages over other atypical medicines, neither did it demonstrate increased efficacy over typical drugs (El-Sayeh and Morganti, 2004). Coupled with this, Aripiprazole was shown to instigate similar adverse effects as treatment with typical agents, with the exception of akathisia, which lead to improved compliance (El-Sayeh and Morganti, 2004). Aripiprazole has not been shown to cause elevation of prolactin levels, nor is it associated with the development of impaired glucose tolerance or weight gain, therefore in theory, monitoring of these factors is not required (Travis, Burns, Dursun, Fahy, Frangou, Gray, Haddad, Hunter, Taylor and Young, 2005). In fact, Travis et al (2005) purport that no specific monitoring is required outside of the basic screening advocated in NICE (2002b) i.e. monitoring for endocrine disorders and cardiovascular risk factors etc. Despite this, the NHS Trust for which the author works recommends extensive monitoring (Appendix 5). The author would therefore be compelled to work within the guidance of the employing authority. In negotiating a contract (stage four), because Alexander and I shared the decision to try Aripiprazole, it was hoped that concordance would be achieved. Evidence 14 highlights the implications of excluding service users from the decision making process. Delivering the choice agenda in mental health is considered key to an effective prescribing value base for nurses (Jones and Jones, 2007), however it must be identified that issues of capacity for individuals with mental health problems can jeopardise this. For individuals lacking capacity during an acute Schizophrenic episode, guidance recommends the use of oral atypical medications, prescribed after consultation with the individuals carer or advocate (NICE, 2002a). Government policy has stated that service users should be encouraged to compile an Advanced Directive (AD) as part of their care plan, highlighting their treatment choices (NICE 2002b), although in practice, the author has limited experience of this happening (evidence 13) and does not feel it is something that the Trust encourages. Concerns have been expressed that service users might draw up unrealistic and illogical plans, refusing all forms of treatment, however a recent study found evidence to the contrary of this (Papageorgiou, Mohamed, King, Davidson and Dawson, 2004). It is the opinion of the author that where possible ADs should be formulated, allowing the patient to be autonomous, however the author also acknowledges that there may come a point where decision-making is replaced by that of the prescriber. At present ADs can be over-ridden if the patient is subject to compulsory treatment under the Mental Health Act (1983). In Alexanders case, an AD was offered but refused. Alexander was considered capable of providing informed consent and therefore, following the principles of good practice (United Kingdom Central Council for Nursing, Midwifery and Health Visiting, 1996), the author communicated to Alexander, various details about the prescription. These included information on what the prescription was for, how long the drug would take to work, how long to take it for, what dose to take and the possible side effects. The UKPPG data regarding Aripiprazole was given to Alexander (Appendix 6). The fifth principle of the prescribing pyramid, review of the patient was dictated by the CMP. Weekly review was carried out in order to ensure that the treatment was effective, safe and acceptable. Had it not been, the broad CMP permitted use of alternative agents. The IP and SP reassessed Alexander as planned three months later. In this time however the IP and SP met frequently to discuss the progress of Alexander and record keeping was kept up-to-date using the eCPA system. At present, GPs are advised of supplementary prescribing arrangements and changes in these via Trust devised letters (see Appendices 7 and 8). In this instance the letters were compiled and sent within 24-48 hours in line with local policy. The author reflected on her prescribing decision as recommended by the final stage of the pyramid and is confident that neither patient pressure nor the action of pharmaceutical companies affected decision-making. In practice, the author has experience of nursing individuals on a range of antipsychotics and is aware that this may affect choice of drug in the future Conclusion The author has described and analysed an independent and supplementary prescribing experience and has attempted to meet the module learning outcomes in doing so. The author is confident that her rationale for prescribing decisions is based on sound comprehensive guidelines and practice experience. The author plans to base future decisions on the prescribing pyramid model, making a conscious effort to see outside of the prescriptive toolkit so as to remember the importance of other nursing interventions. It is the intention of the author to utilise the support and clinical supervision available in the practice area, including discussion about differential diagnosis and treatment options with the medical team following assessments. This will ensure safe practice, professional development and recognition of the contribution of non-medical prescribers within the team. Evidence 16 details the authors plans for continuing professional development in prescribing practice, both as an independent and a supplementary prescriber. These goals are important to ensure competency in prescribing practice is maintained. By ensuring that practice is updated, monitored and evaluated, service user experience is hopefully improved leading to increased concordance and better health outcomes

Scientific Creationism Essay -- Evolution Darwin Science Essays

Scientific Creationism Introduction In 1859 Charles Darwin published The Origin of Species where he proposed the theory of evolution for the first time. Since this radical theory was first proposed, there has been a debate over its validity and the theological implications that come with it. In order to understand the reasons why Darwin's theory has caused so much debate over the past century it is first necessary to examine evolution and Darwin's theories about the origin of species. Evolution is, strictly speaking, simply change over time. A biological definition is, more specifically, "any change in the frequency of alleles within a gene pool from one generation to the next (1)." Darwin's theory of evolution is composed of many parts. These parts include the belief that life is constantly changing and is not a static system. Also included in The Origin of Species is the idea of common descent, which basically states that all species are related because they have all evolved from a common ancestor. A third contention of Darwin's theory of evolution is that species change gradually over time by a process of inheriting very small differences. The mechanism for evolution, according to Darwin, is a process known as natural selection. Natural selection is based on the principle that occasionally an organism will develop a mutation that will increase its chances for survival. The progeny of this organism will inherit this advantage and will eventually become prevalent among the population as a result of this advantage. This will lead to a change in the gene pool of the species. Finally, Darwin's theory states that the origin of species is due in part to the process of natural selection, but he does not state specifically ho... ... Faith, Harper Collins, San Francisco 1989, pp. 114-117. 3. Wright, 125-126. 4. Dorman, Clark (1996, January 30) McLean v. Arkansas Board of Education [Online]. Available: earth.ics.uci.edu:8080/faqs/mclean-v-arkansas.html [1996, November 23]. 5.Creation vs. Evolution: Opposing World Views [Online]. Available: web.canlink.com/ocrt/ev_world.htm [1996, November 20]. 6. Atkins, Peter W. The Second Law 1984, p.25. 7. Fossil Record Overview - Missing Transitional Forms [Online]. Available: emporium.turnpike.net/C/cs/fossils.htm [1996, November 22]. 8. Wright, 129. 9. Proving Evolution or Creation Science [Online]. Available: web.canlink.com/ocrt/ev_proof.htm [1996 November 24]. 10. Issak, Mark Five Major Misconceptions About Evolution [Online]. Available: earth.ics.uci.edu:8080/faqs/faq-misconceptions.html [1996, November 20]. 11. Wright, 129.

The Prostitution Industry Essay -- Prostitutes Sexual Services Sex Ess

The Prostitution Industry A prostitute is defined by the Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary as â€Å"a person who offers herself / himself for sexual intercourse for money.† Legally, prostitution is the sale of sexual services. The services may consist of any sexual acts, including those which do not involve copulation. While payment may be any nonsexual consideration, most commonly it is in the form of money. In what seems to be a world historical pattern, an upsurge in prostitution followed the effects of urbanization and wage labor. In Africa and Latin America this trend was heightened by industrial development, which greatly accelerated extensive displacement of people from traditional kinship ties. Women often supplemented their low wages with occasional prostitution, or, in the absence of employment, turned to prostitution as full-time work. Although a persistent phenomenon throughout human history, it remains difficult to view prostitution in an objective light as various cultures have alternately tried to ban it on religious or moralistic grounds, or stigmatize it under a â€Å"don’t-ask-don’t-tell† sort of veneer which was a barely-tolerated but necessary evil of society. It is interesting to note that despite an increasingly secularized attitude towards sexual relationships, as seen in society’s increasing tolerance of homosexuality or pre-marital sex, prostitution retains much of its social stigma. TYPES OF PROSTITUTION Street prostitution is the most common form of prostitution. It occurs when the prostitute solicits customers while waiting at street corners or walking alongside a street usually dressed in skimpy, suggestive clothing. This can be seen on Koinage Street in Nairobi. A variation of this is where prostitution is more open and solicitation is done at bars. Examples of this in Kenya can be seen at Florida 2000, Modern Green on Latema Road and Sabina Joy Bar and restaurant. Brothels are establishments specifically dedicated to prostitution and are usually confined to red-light districts in big cities. The clients usually go to these brothels to get sexual services. Escort or out-call prostitution often shelters under the umbrella of escort agencies, who supply attractive escorts for social occasions. In this form of prostitution the customer calls/contacts an agency and the act takes place at the client’s... ... who enter into prostitution. The prostitutes who enter the profession as a means of survival sometimes have no other option. But, if they have access to funds from micro-finance institutions, they may be able to start up small businesses to sustain their livelihood. REFERENCES †¢ Ferrell et al. Business Ethics: Ethical Decision Making and Cases, 6th Ed. (Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin Co., 2005) †¢ Snow Joyce, The Prostitute’s Collective of Victoria. The Age, 28th Feb. 1999 †¢ Brothel Boom: The Asian Connection, Sydney. Morning Herald, 31st Aug. 1999 †¢ Liberator, Mark (Dec 21st 2004). Legalized Prostitution: Regulating the Oldest Profession. Available at: http://www.liberator.net/articles/prostitution.html †¢ Laubenfels de, John (Aug 20th 2002). Defending Prostitution. Available at: http://www.strike-the-root.com/columns/deLaubenfels/delaubenfels25.html †¢ The Economist (Sep 2nd 2004). Sex is their Business. Available at: http://www.economist.com/opinion/displayStory.cfm?story_id=3151258 †¢ Karuoya Njoki, The Nation, 18th Dec., 1999 †¢ Davis Karin, Associated Press, 18th Nov. 1997 †¢ Kwamechetsi Makokha, The Nation, 20th Oct. 2000

Negotiation strategies & procedures

It is agreed that negotiation is a process and that the first stage of any negotiation, the pre-negotiation stage, is very essential in the planning process for negotiations. But the stage of pre-negotiations, as scholars have come to agree, is in itself also a process. Since the pre-negotiation stage is so crucial there are therefore certain essential steps to proceed on in order to ensure success. While scholars are not agreed on the exact labeling of the different phases of pre-negotiation, nor on how many specific steps there are to be followed, they generally agree on the essential elements that must come into play during pre-negotiations. Peterson & Lucas (2001) identify four stages of pre-negotiations. Other writers have classified the processes involved in pre-negotiation into five categories and even some have limited their categories to only three components. Scholars agree that the first step to take in pre-negotiations is for the parties to identify and define the exact nature of the problem and conduct necessary intelligence gathering procedures. This first phase is basically the framing phase. Furthermore, in this first step, parties are able to demonstrate whether or not they are willing to negotiate address the issues. The next step is the formulation aspects where the parties begin to search for available options or alternatives to the issue(s) from the perspective of both parties. Each party will have to anticipate the possible options that the other could propose. In the third step there is first some amount of commitment to negotiate among the parties, whether formally or informally based on the information gathered and the alternatives identified. There is following this commitment a concrete agreement or decision to negotiate by both parties. Here the negotiating parties decide on the parameters under which such negotiations would take place. The final step in the pre-negotiation process is the structuring phase where negotiation strategies are developed and plans are made by each side as how best to tackle the actual negotiation. Formal negotiations begin as soon as the parties agree to negotiate and appoint a committee over the negotiations. What are the Individual Characteristics of Negotiators? One important factor that impacts greatly on the process and outcome of negotiations is the individual characteristics of the negotiators. While no scholar has proposed a particular model of the best characteristic traits for a successful negotiator, they have identified several factors that could swing negotiation outcomes either in favor of or against the party for with the individual is negotiating. Among the individual characteristics of negotiators the most commonly identified are negotiation experience, age, sex, education and training as well as culture and beliefs. Other variable characteristics could also have an impact on how well a negotiator performs. Irritability, tension, historical relationship between negotiators, physical health among others factors have been noted to affect the negotiation process. These characteristics are, however, quite variable, and depend heavily on the specific negotiation time and situation and not completely on the negotiator’s usual character traits. As it pertains to the classifiable characteristics, as it pertains to matters of age, research has not proven any significant relation between this variable and the outcome of negotiations. Younger or older negotiators have not been shown to produce better consecutive results than their counterparts. Age is only relevant only as it relates to experience because it is only as the negotiator ages and matures that significant experience would be gathered. Thus, in reference to experience, it must be admitted that the more experienced a negotiator is with particular negotiating situations, the easier and smoother the negotiation process flows. The know-how gathered with experience gives a sort of comfort level but it does not, however, suppose a greater propensity to succeed. Peterson & Lucas (2001) note of younger, more inexperienced negotiators, that they are more rigid and uncompromising to the proposals of the other side. Overall the amount of experience a negotiator has could in fact impact negotiations. A negotiators training and education could impact negotiators. While university qualification does not automatically signify a more successful negotiator, researchers have seen some amount of correlation between education and training and the performance of negotiators. However such correlation has not been shown to be significant enough to make a difference. The sex of the negotiator has also been highlighted as a characteristic of negotiators. The position of researchers on the approaches taken in negotiations by both sexes is mixed. Some studies suggest that women are more compromising than men and make a greater effort to obtain mutual agreeable solutions. Differences in negotiators’ cultures and beliefs do of course mean that particular tactics and approaches would be more characteristic of particular negotiators more than others. Such differences are, however, too varied to classify. Suffice it to say that a negotiator’s cultural convictions may be against certain negotiating styles. Of the characteristics of negotiators outlined above, experience appears to be the more crucial to the success of negotiation sessions. More experienced negotiators understand the intricacies of negotiation and are more familiar with the process and steps to take given any negotiation situation. Because of this knowledge gained overtime, negotiators would tend to move more smoothly through the process where a less experienced negotiation would demonstrate hesitancy. Unfortunately some experienced negotiations overtime tend to begin to overstep certain critical phases of negotiation (Peterson & Lucas, 2001) as they are quite competent and thus do not need to plan as much or as well as before. REFERENCES Peterson, R.M. & Lucas, G.H. (Fall 2001). Expanding the Antecedent Component of the Traditional Business Negotiation Model: Pre-negotiation Literature Review and Planning-Preparation Propositions. Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice, vol #(issue #), pages.

Plato learning analyzing speeches Essay

Teacher-Graded Activities Write a response for each of the following activities. Check the Evaluation section at the end of this document to make sure you have met the expected criteria for the assignment. When you have finished, submit your work to your teacher. 1. Comparing Speeches a. Read President Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address and Martin Luther King Jr.’s I Have a Dream speech. What emotions do you feel while reading these speeches? What elements of the speeches evoke these emotions? Type your response here: The Gettysburg address strikes emotion in everyone, due to the person who wrote it and due to the subject matter. The Gettysburg address evokes happiness, sadness, and pride in our country, In the speech Lincoln makes many references to the was that had happened, and he also makes many reference to how great America, which makes people think that everything will be alright and that the country is strong enough to endure this civil war. As for Martin Luther King Jr.’s speech it invokes completely different emotions such as shame in our country and sadness, the elements that invoke these emotions are King’s way of speaking, the way he references Lincoln, and the fact that he remains hopeful even though hope seems to be lost. b. Do you notice any similarities between President Lincoln’s speech and Martin Luther King Jr.’s speech? What are the similarities? Why do you think King drew parallels between his speech and Lincoln’s? Type your response here: King gave his speech on the steps of the Lincoln memorial, as if to honor Lincoln for the strong and brave way that he tried to abolish slavery, and his accomplishment of it, and yet King still feels as if he is enslaved due to strong oppression of black people. Both Lincoln and King invoke strong emotions of hope, and patriotism. I believe that king drew parallels between his speech and Lincolns to A: Grab the attention of everyone who hears him, and B: to commemorate Lincoln, and to make it known that he is proud of Lincoln and thankful to him for all of his hard work. c. Think about the audience that President Lincoln was addressing with the Gettysburg Address and about the audience that Martin Luther King Jr. was addressing with his I Have a Dream speech. Describe each audience, and explain how the speeches reflected, and were appropriate for, their audiences. Type your response here: Lincoln was addressing the families of soldiers, the citizens of the untied states, and maybe even foreign countries. I believe Lincoln chose these audiences to show that he still supports everyone even though the battle going on was so brutal, I also believe that he chose families of soldiers to assure them that the deaths, and lives of soldiers are not taken for granted and to assure them that it was all worth it in the end. As for King, His audience was mostly towards as he called them â€Å"Negros,† I believe strongly that King chose this Audience to tell them that there is still hope for equality between white and black people, because there truly was, and still is thanks to King. Kings Audience is very appropriate because he himself was black and was fighting for the rights of everyone he was speaking to. 2. Rhetorical Devices a. Revisit the Gettysburg Address and I Have a Dream. As you read, list the rhetorical devices that you notice: state the device, define it, provide an example of it from the speech, and explain its emotional impact. Type your response here: The Gettysburg Address Rhetorical Device Definition Example Emotional Impact Epithet A descriptive adjective attached to a noun to evoke an idea or emotion. â€Å"Now we are engaged in a great civil war.† It invokes the fear of the war, and the fact that the civil war was bigger than expected. Asyndeton A list that omits conjunctions between items. â€Å"we can not dedicate — we can not consecrate — we can not hallow — this ground† it adds to the flow of the speech and holds my attention Antanagoge Placement of a negative point next to a positive on in a way that downplays the negative â€Å"The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have consecrated it†¦but it can never forget what they did here.† It makes one feel like the men who died will never be forgotten and gives hope to the families. I Have a Dream Rhetorical Device Definition Example Emotional Impact Sententia A famous quotation, maxim, or wise saying Five score years ago. It draws the attention of the audience and makes them think about what the topic is. Anadiplosis Repetition of the last word of a sentence or phrase near thebeginning of the next sentence or phrase Repitition of â€Å"I have a Dream† at the end. It keeps the attention of audience, and it also invokes a feeling of hope in the audience, through King’s dream. Epithet A descriptive adjective attached to a noun to evoke an idea or emotion tragic fact that the Negro is still not free Adding the word tragic to fact envokes a feeling of hopelessness and the feeling of needing to fix the tragedy. Asyndeton A list that omits conjunctions between items. guaranteed the inalienable rights of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. The Asydeton makes it so people are hanging onto everyword, and keeps the attention. Personification Human attributes given to non-human objects and ideas. America has defaulted on this promissory note insofar as her citizens of color It makes America seem more relatable by everyone. b. Listen to one (or more) of the readings of the Gettysburg Address. Did you notice any rhetorical devices when listening to the speech that you did not notice when you read the speech, and vice versa? Do the rhetorical devices have a different effect when they are spoken as opposed to read? Explain your response. Type your response here: I did not hear anymore rhetorical devices in other readings of the Gettysburg address. However the rhetorical devices seem to stand out more when they are read because they have the full emotion of the voice to display them, thus making it more emotional and understandable. c. Listen to Martin Luther King Jr.’s I Have a Dream speech. What differences did you notice between the way the Gettysburg Address and I Have a Dream were delivered? Which rhetorical devices were more effective in each speech? Type your response here: I have a dream was delivered with more emotion than the Gettysburg address, I suppose it is because of the subject matter, Human rights seem to be more important than war and hate, and yet both speeches used wonderful rhetorical devices, In the Gettysburg address the use of the antanagoge is very prominit because it helps to ensure that they will never be forgotten. In I have a dream uses the rhetorical device of anadiplosis was strongly effective as King repeated ‘I have a dream’ at the very end of the speech. d. Were you able to recognize the rhetorical devices in I Have a Dream when listening to it? Was it easier for you to recognize them as you heard them or as you read them? Why? Type your response here: I was unable to identify any more rhetorical devices in the I Have a Dream speech, however it was easier to identify the rhetorical devices due to the emotion that I referenced earlier. 3. Analyzing Speeches a. Review the Gettysburg Address and I Have a Dream. What organizational pattern does each speech utilize? Do you see evidence of more than one type of pattern present in either speech? Give examples of the patterns in the speeches, and explain why the organizational pattern used is or is not the most effective. Type your response here: â€Å"I have a dream† has a spatial order This worked because Martin Luther king Jr. was basically going through a timeline about the rights of black people. The Gettysburg address is in Topical order, and this worked because Lincoln was speaking in segments about the war. b. Describe which elements of the introductions of the speeches, if any, are notably attention grabbing. Type your response here: Both speeches begin notably, for Lincoln’s it begins with â€Å"four score and  seven years ago.† and similarly king’s speech begins with â€Å"five score.† both are extremely memorable. c. Do the speeches answer the questions Why should I care? and How does this topic relate to me? Support your response with examples. Type your response here: Both speeches answer these questions in their own way. Lincoln used an appeal to the countries citizens an example of this was â€Å"We are met on a great battle-field of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of that field, as a final resting place for those who here gave their lives that that nation might live† As for Martin Luther King Jr. he answered those questions by saying â€Å"This momentous decree came as a great beacon light of hope to millions of Negro slaves who had been seared in the flames of withering injustice. It came as a joyous daybreak to end the long night of their captivity.† as he was speaking to his audience who are fighting for their freedom just as he was. d. Do the speakers provide their objectives for their speeches within their introductions? Provide examples with your answer. Type your response here: â€Å"I am happy to join with you today in what will go down in history as the greatest demonstration for freedom in the history of our nation.† this is the very very first line In I have a dream, it shows that he is expecting this speech to go into history for being the best example of freedom. In the Gettysburg address there was not a clear objective other than trying to honor those who have died in the war. e. Do the speakers use any supportive devices, such as humor or repetition, in their speeches? Give examples of any such devices. Type your response here: Martin Luther King Jr. relied on repetition strongly during the end of his speech saying â€Å"i have a dream† repeatedly to prove his point f. How would you describe the conclusions of the speeches? Do they summarize their objectives and end with impact? Explain. Type your response here: The end of both of these speeches summarize the point of their speeches and they definitely end with an impact. Lincolns speech ends by validating that the country will not die simply because of the war it was in at the time, and King’s speech ends with king saying what he dreams will happen, meaning he ends talking about equality between blacks and whites. g. List some of the transitions and signposts used in each speech. Type your response here: Lincoln: â€Å"Now we are engaged in a great civil war† â€Å"But, in a larger sense,† â€Å"It is rather for us, the living† King: â€Å"And if America† â€Å"And as we walk,† â€Å"But there is something that I must say† 4. Speech Writing a. Write a speech on any subject from this list of speech ideas. Remember that your speech will need to be two to four minutes long. Type your response here: Many people today talk about the sanctity of marriage. This belief is part of the reason why many people believe that gay marriage should not be legalized in America. To these people I pose the question, is marriage really all that sacred in this country and would letting anyone who wants to enter into same sex marriage make it not so? In my opinion, people like Britney Spears and anyone else who will jump into a Los Vegas 3-day wedding, are the people who are destroying the sanctity of marriage. In addition to the negative ideas  about gay marriage, there are other problems concerning same-sex couples such as adoption between same sex couples, In 2012, 110,000 children live with gay parents, that may seem like a large number but in all actuality that is about 1% of the child population that live in U.S households. I understand that there is quite an opposition to same sex parents raising children because people say that children need a mother and father figure to grow up properly, an yet there are approximately 13.7 million single parents in the United States today, and those parents are responsible for raising 22 million children, and no one truly comments on that causing any problems with the way the children grow up. In this speech i outlined a few problems that i believe we need to fix about same-sex couples, Because people should be able to marry whoever they wish and take care of children like normal families that i honestly believe they already are. B. Describe your speech writing and presentation experience. Type your response here: writing this speech was quite easy for me considering gay rights is a topic that i am very passionate about because my sister and my best friend are both gay. In addition to the passion, i had experience analyzing speeches thanks to this lesson, and it was quite fun to write especially in since i know what the structure of a good speech is. as for presenting it, i presented it to QCAD on the day of silence, and it was very well received. Evaluation Your teacher will use these rubrics to evaluate the completeness of your work as well as the clarity of thinking you exhibit. Activity 1: Comparing Speeches Concepts Distinguished (4 points) Accurately points out the connection between emotions invoked and the elements of the two speeches Accurately and exhaustively points out similarities between the two speeches Supports answers convincingly by stating facts, giving logical reasons, and using examples Accurately describes the target audiences Proficient (3 points) Adequately points out the connection between emotions invoked and the elements of in the two speeches Accurately points out several similarities between the two speeches Supports answers well by stating facts, giving logical reasons, and using examples Somewhat accurately describes the target audiences Developing (2 points) Points out the connection between emotions invoked and the elements of the two speeches with a few errors Points out similarities between the two speeches with a few errors Supports answers by stating facts, giving logical reasons, and using examples Loosely describes the target audiences Beginning (1 point) Fails to point out the connection between emotions invoked and the elements of the two speeches Fails to point out many notable similarities between the two speeches Does not support answers with adequate examples or reasoning Vaguely or incorrectly describes the target audiences Activity 2: Rhetorical Devices Concepts Distinguished (4 points) Lists multiple examples of rhetorical devices in both speeches Thoroughly explains the emotional impact of each rhetorical device in the speeches Thoroughly interprets the different effects of rhetorical devices in the written and oral forms of the speeches Accurately evaluates the  effectiveness of the rhetorical devices in both speeches Supports answers convincingly by stating facts, giving logical reasons, and using examples Proficient (3 points) Lists adequate examples of rhetorical devices in both speeches Adequately explains the emotional impact of each rhetorical device in the speeches Reasonably interprets the different effects of rhetorical devices in the written and oral forms of the speeches Reasonably evaluates the effectiveness of the rhetorical devices in both speeches Supports answers well by stating facts, giving logical reasons, and using examples Developing (2 points) Lists very few examples of rhetorical devices in both speeches Explains the emotional impact of each rhetorical device in the speeches with a few errors Interprets the different effects of rhetorical devices in the written and oral forms of the speeches with a few errors Evaluates the effectiveness of the rhetorical devices in both speeches with a few errors Supports answers by stating facts, giving logical reasons, and using examples Beginning (1 point) Lists incorrect examples of rhetorical devices in both speeches Fails to explain the emotional impact of each rhetorical device in the speeches Fails to correctly interpret the different effects of rhetorical devices in the written and oral forms of the speeches Fails to correctly evaluate the effectiveness of the rhetorical devices in both speeches Does not support answers with adequate examples or reasoning Activity 3: Analyzing Speeches Concepts Distinguished (4 points) Accurately and exhaustively identifies examples of organizational patterns used in each speech Accurately and exhaustively identifies examples of attention-grabbing elements in each speech Accurately and exhaustively identifies examples of supporting devices used by the speakers in each speech Thoroughly describes the conclusion of each speech Accurately and exhaustively identifies examples of transitions and signposts used in each speech Provides thorough and accurate reasoning by stating facts, giving logical reasons, and using examples Proficient (3 points) Accurately identifies multiple examples of organizational patterns used in each speech Accurately identifies multiple examples of attention-grabbing elements in each speech Accurately identifies multiple examples of supporting devices used by the speakers in each speech Adequately describes the conclusion of each speech Accurately identifies multiple examples of transitions and signposts used in each speech Provides accurate reasoning by stating facts, giving logical reasons, and using examples Developing (2 points) Correctly identifies examples of organizational patterns used in each speech Correctly identifies examples of attention-grabbing elements in each speech Correctly identifies examples of supporting devices used by the speakers in each speech Roughly describes the conclusion of each speech Correctly identifies examples of transitions and signposts used in each speech Provides somewhat accurate reasoning by stating facts, giving logical reasons, and using examples Beginning (1 point) Does not identify examples of organizational patterns used in each speech Does not identify examples of attention-grabbing elements in each speech Does not identify examples of supporting devices used by the speakers in each speech Vaguely or incorrectly correctly describes the conclusion of each speech Does not identify examples of transitions and signposts used in each speech Fails to provide accurate reasoning to support answers Activity 4: Speech Writing Concepts Distinguished (4 points) Uses language that is most suitable for the intended audience Keeps the speech clear and maintains a slow pace throughout Uses appropriate devices to grab the audience’s attention Uses effective reasoning to connect the audience’s interests to the topic Effectively maintains focus on the main points throughout the speech Effectively uses supporting devices such as facts, statistics, examples, and testimony Effectively uses transitions between topics to keep the audience connected Uses an effective and relevant concluding sentence Includes thoughtful reflections on the speech-writing experience Proficient (3 points) Uses language that is appropriate for the intended audience Keeps the speech somewhat clear and maintains a slow pace throughout Uses largely appropriate devices to grab the audience’s attention Uses somewhat effective reasoning to connect the audience’s interests to the topic Maintains focus on the main points through the speech Uses supporting devices such as facts, statistics, examples, and testimony Effectively uses a few transitions between topics to keep the audience connected Uses a somewhat effective and relevant concluding sentence Includes moderately thoughtful reflections on the speech-writing experience Developing (2 points) Uses language that is somewhat appropriate for the intended audience Is barely able to keep the speech clear and does not maintain a steady pace Uses somewhat appropriate devices to grab the audience’s attention Uses reasoning to connect the audience’s interests to the topic Barely maintains focus on the main points through the speech Uses supporting devices such as facts, statistics, examples, and testimony with a few errors Uses somewhat  effective transitions between topics to keep the audience connected Uses a relevant concluding sentence Includes some reflections on the speech-writing experience Beginning (1 point) Uses language that is inappropriate for the intended audience Fails to keep the speech clear or maintain a slow pace Does not use any devices to get the audience’s attention Fails to connect the audience’s interests to the topic Loses focus on the main points Does not uses supporting devices such as facts, statistics, examples, and testimony Fails to use transitions between topics to keep the audience connected Uses a concluding sentence that is neither effective nor relevant Includes minimal reflections on the speech-writing experience